Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is a rare neurological disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and numbness. While the exact cause of GBS is not fully understood, it typically follows a viral or bacterial infection.
Everything about GBS virus
Common Infections Associated with GBS :
- Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni): This is the most commonly isolated pathogen in GBS cases2. Infections from C. jejuni may result in gastrointestinal and upper respiratory tract symptoms, but can also be subclinical2.
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV): CMV is the most common viral trigger of GBS2. Infections present as upper respiratory tract infections or flu-like illnesses and are often associated with sensory and cranial nerve involvement2.
- COVID-19: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is linked to neurological complications, including GBS2.
- Other infections: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Mycoplasma Pneumonia, varicella-zoster virus, and acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections are also associated with GBS2. There has been speculation that the Zika virus can cause GBS2.
GBS and COVID-19 Vaccination
A study indicated that GBS could be linked to vector-type COVID-19 vaccines (Ad26.COV2.S [Johnson & Johnson]), but not to mRNA vaccines (BNT162b2 [Pfizer] and mRNA-1273 [Moderna]). The Johnson & Johnson vaccine is no longer available in the United States.
Diagnosis
GBS is generally easy to diagnose when it occurs with the typical clinical presentation such as ascending paralysis and hyporeflexia.
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